For some, however, astrology is not an exact science like astronomy but merely indicates trends and directions that can be altered either by divine or by human will.
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In its most rigorous aspect, astrology postulates a totally mechanistic universe, denying to the deity the possibility of intervention and to man that of free will as such, it was vigorously attacked by orthodox Christianity and Islam. The role of the divine in astrological theory varies considerably. For the Platonic astrologers, the element of fire was believed to extend throughout the celestial spheres, and they were more likely than the Aristotelians to believe in the possibility of divine intervention in the natural processes through celestial influences upon the Earth, since they believed in the deity’s creation of the celestial bodies themselves. A similar set of special relations was also assumed by those whose physics was more akin to that of the Greek philosopher Plato. These relations were sometimes regarded as so complex that no human mind could completely grasp them thus, the astrologer might be readily excused for any errors. Special relations were believed to exist between particular celestial bodies and their varied motions, configurations with each other, and the processes of generation and decay apparent in the world of fire, air, water, and earth. Later the principles of Aristotelian physics were adopted, according to which there is an absolute division between the eternal, circular motions of the heavenly element and the limited, linear motions of the four sublunar elements: fire, air, water, earth. Originally, astrologers presupposed a geocentric universe in which the “planets” (including the Sun and Moon) revolve in orbits whose centres are at or near the centre of the Earth and in which the stars are fixed upon a sphere with a finite radius whose centre is also the centre of the Earth. The theoretical basis for this assumption lies historically in Hellenistic philosophy and radically distinguishes astrology from the celestial omina (“ omens”) that were first categorized and cataloged in ancient Mesopotamia. Nature and significanceĪstrology is a method of predicting mundane events based upon the assumption that the celestial bodies-particularly the planets and the stars considered in their arbitrary combinations or configurations (called constellations)-in some way either determine or indicate changes in the sublunar world. Though often regarded as a science throughout its history, astrology is widely considered today to be diametrically opposed to the findings and theories of modern Western science.
Devotees believe that an understanding of the influence of the planets and stars on earthly affairs allows them to both predict and affect the destinies of individuals, groups, and nations. Understand the difference in concept between astronomy and astrology See all videos for this articleĪstrology, type of divination that involves the forecasting of earthly and human events through the observation and interpretation of the fixed stars, the Sun, the Moon, and the planets.
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